California Career and Technical Education Standards

• HSMT.D.D1.3 Know the process for evaluating compliance with corporate, legal, regulatory, an...
• HSMT.D.D2.1 Know how to evaluate potential causes and methods of transmitting infections and...
• HSMT.D.D2.2 Use various manual and mechanical techniques and procedures for decontamination ...
• HSMT.D.D2.3 Carry out hazardous waste disposal policies and procedures, including documentat...

• Ice Breaker / Trivial Pursuit - Group Work

  The students are given a handout in their groups that consists of 5 trivial pursuit questions.  These questions have nothing to do with the lesson per se.  This gives them a chance to interact and find the natural leader as well as other group roles (recorder, timekeeper) and test each others general knowledge.  There will be a treat  for all at the end of this exercise. Primarily because this can be a very dry and somewhat boring subject regardless of how it is approached. Allow 15-20 minutes to answer questions.

  • Ice breaker #1.docx [ Download ] Handout for groups to get to know each other
• Notes on Definitions - Lecture

  
  We have many agencies to protect us in our daily lives. This protection can be in many forms, either directly-such as giving us money when  we don't have a job, or indirectly such as research when large groups of people become ill for no apparent reason.  In this lesson you are going to be introduced to several such agencies specific to the medical field.
  
  
  
  We will be discussing these agencies in class, however the bulk of our research on this lesson will be student based.  It is important as employees that you learn WHO to contact in any of  the many situations that may arise in a work related situation.  Before you are placed in your clinical rotations it will be imperative that you have not only heard the abbreviations introduced in this lesson, but that you know who they are, what they can do for YOU, and how  and when to contact them.  For example:
  
  
  
  OSHA
  
  The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress of the United States under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed by President Richard M. Nixon, on December 29, 1971. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health. The agency is headed by a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Labor.
  
  
  
  The OSH Act, which created OSHA also created the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a research agency focusing on occupational health and safety. NIOSH, however, is not a part of the U.S. Department of Labor.

  
  

  
  
  
  OSHA federal regulations cover most private sector workplaces. The OSH Act permits states to develop approved plans as long as they cover public sector employees and they provide protection equivalent to that provided under Federal OSHA regulations. In return, a portion of the cost of the approved state program is paid by the federal government. Twenty-two states and territories operate plans covering both the public and private sectors and five — Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, New York and the US Virgin Islands — operate public employee only plans. In those five states, private sector employment remains under Federal OSHA jurisdiction.
  
  
  
  In 2000, the United States Postal Act made the U.S. Postal Service the only quasi-governmental entity to fall under the purview of OSHA jurisdiction.
  
  
  
  History of federal workplace safety legislation began with OSHA. Efforts by the U.S. federal government to ensure workplace health and safety were minimal until the passage of OSHA.^[1] The American system of mass production encouraged the use of machinery, while the statutory regime did nothing to protect workplace safety. For most employers, it was cheaper to replace a dead or injured worker than it was to introduce safety measures.^[2][3][4] Tort law provided little recourse for relief for the survivors of dead workers or for injured employees.^[5] After the Civil War, some improvements were made through the establishment of state railroad and factory commissions, the adoption of new technology (such as the air brake), and more widespread availability of life insurance. But the overall impact of these improvements was minimal.^[4]

  
  

  
  
  
  The first federal safety legislation was enacted in the Progressive period. In 1893, Congress passed the Safety Appliance Act, the first federal statute to require safety equipment in the workplace (the law applied only to railroad equipment, however).^[4] In 1910, in response to a series of highly-publicized and deadly mine explosions and collapses, Congress established the federal Bureau of Mines to conduct research into mine safety (although the Bureau had no authority to regulate mine safety).^[6] Backed by trade unions, many states also enacted workers' compensation laws which discouraged employers from permitting unsafe workplaces.^[5] These laws, as well as the growing power of labor unions and public anger toward poor workplace safety, led to significant reductions in worker accidents for a time.^[4]

  
  

  
  
  
  OBRA:
  
  Purpose
  
  
  
  This is a federal law that allows a disabled employee to continue health coverage after COBRA ends. OBRA coverage usually applies to individuals eligible for a Social Security disability program.
  
   

  
  

  
  HISTORY
  
  
  
  Congress passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) health coverage legislation in 1989. This law allows individuals who are considered disabled by Social Security the right to extend health coverage beyond COBRA provisions.

  
  

  
  
  
  ELIGIBILITY
  
  
  
  To be OBRA-eligible, the individual must be determined by Social Security to be disabled within certain timelines:

  
  

  
  The individual's Social Security award (SSI/SSDI) letter must indicate that the disability began (disability onset date) within 60 days of the qualifying event, and
  
  
  
  The individual must provide a copy of the Social Security award (approval) letter to his or her employer (COBRA administrator) within 60 days of its receipt.

  
  

  
  BENEFIT

  
  

  
  
  
  OBRA can last a maximum of 11 months. Most health insurance policies terminate at the eligibility date for Medicare, which may come sooner than the 11 months.

  
  

  
  
  • 
    The individual's Social Security award (SSI/SSDI) letter must indicate that the disability began (disability onset date) within 60 days of the qualifying event, and
  
  
  • 
    The individual must provide a copy of the Social Security award (approval) letter to his or her employer (COBRA administrator) within 60 days of
  
  
  • 
    OBRA can last a maximum of 11 months. Most health insurance policies terminate at the eligibility date for Medicare, which may come sooner than the 11 months.
  
  

  
  

  
  
  • 
    The individual's Social Security award (SSI/SSDI) letter must indicate that the disability began (disability onset date) within 60 days of the qualifying event, and
  
  
  
  

  
  

  
  OBRA can last a maximum of 11 months. Most health insurance policies terminate at the eligibility date for Medicare, which may come sooner than the 11 months.

  
  

  
  
  
   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  CDC headquarters in Metro Atlanta as seen from Emory University
  
  
  
  The CDC was founded in 1942 during World War II as the Office of National Defense Malaria Control Activities.^[3] Preceding its founding, organizations with global influence in malaria control were the Malaria Commission of the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation.^[4] The Rockefeller Foundation greatly supported malaria control, ^[4] sought to have the governments take over some if its efforts, and collaborated with the agency.^[5]
  
  
  
  The new agency was a branch of the U.S. Public Health Service and Atlanta was chosen as the location because malaria was endemic in the Southern United States. The agency changed names before adopting the title Communicable Disease Center in 1946. Offices were located on the sixth floor of the Volunteer Building on Peachtree Street. With a budget at the time of about $1 million, 59 percent of its personnel were engaged in mosquito abatement using the insecticide DDT and habitat control with the objective of control and eradication of malaria in the United States.^[6] Among its 369 employees, the main jobs at CDC were originally entomology and engineering. In CDC's initial years, more than six and a half million homes were sprayed. In 1946, there were only seven medical officers on duty and an early organization chart was drawn, somewhat fancifully, in the shape of a mosquito.
  
  
  
  
  
  CDC leader Dr. Joseph Mountin continued to advocate for public health issues and to push for CDC to extend its responsibilities to many other communicable diseases. In 1947, CDC made a token payment of $10 to Emory University for 15 acres (61,000 m²) of land on Clifton Road in DeKalb County, the home of CDC headquarters today. CDC employees collected the money to make the purchase. The benefactor behind the “gift” was Robert Woodruff, Chairman of the Board of the Coca-Cola Company. Woodruff had a long-time interest in malaria control; it had been a problem in areas where he went hunting.
  
  
  
  The mission of CDC expanded beyond its original focus on malaria to include sexually transmitted diseases when the Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter, Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in 1963 the Immunization program was established.^[7]

  
  

  
  
  
  It became the National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC) effective July 1, 1967.^[3] The organization was renamed to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on June 24, 1970, and Centers for Disease Control effective October 14, 1980.^[3] An act of the United States Congress appended the words "and Prevention" to the name effective October 27, 1992; however, Congress directed that the initialism CDC be retained because of its name recognition.^[8] CDC now operates under the Department of Health and Human Services umbrella.

  
  

  
  
  
  Currently the CDC focus has broadened to include chronic diseases, disabilities, injury control, workplace hazards, environmental health threats, and terrorism preparedness. CDC combats emerging diseases and other health risks, including birth defects, West Nile virus, obesity, avian, swine, and pandemic flu, E. coli, auto wrecks, and bioterrorism, to name a few. The organization would also prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of penicillin.
  
  
  
  In May 1994 the CDC admitted to have sent several biological warfare agents to Iraq from 1984 through 1989, including Botulinum toxin, West Nile virus, Yersinia pests and Dengue fever virus.^[9]
  
  
  
  The CDC has one of the few Biosafety Level 4 laboratories in the country, as well as one of only two official repositories of smallpox in the world. The second smallpox store resides at the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR in the Russian Federation.

  
  

  
  
  
  ***
  
  NIH (National Institutes of Health)

  
  

  
  
  
  NIH is the nation’s medical research agency - making important medical discoveries that improve health and save lives.

  
  

  
  
  
  The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research.
  
  
  
  Helping to lead the way toward important medical discoveries that improve people’s health and save lives, NIH scientists investigate ways to prevent disease as well as the causes, treatments, and even cures for common and rare diseases.
  
  NIH research impacts:
  
  ·         Child & Teen Health
  
  
  
  ·         Men's Health

  
  

  
  
  
  ·         Minority Health

  
  

  
  
  
  ·         Seniors' Health

  
  

  
  
  
  ·         Wellness & Lifestyle

  
  

  
  
  
  ·         Women's Health

  
  

  
  
  
  Composed of 27 Institutes and Centers, the NIH provides leadership and financial support to researchers in every state and throughout the world.
  
  ·        
  
  
  
  For more than a century, the National Institutes of Health has played an important role in improving the health of the nation. The NIH traces its roots to 1887 with the creation of the Laboratory of Hygiene at the Marine Hospital in Staten Island

  
  

  
  
  
  The information presented here today is representative of the information that should be in your reports.  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

  • OSHA OBRA DEFINITION.docx [ Download ] Lecture Notes for definition to be given by the teacher verbally or made into handouts for students to go over with the teacher in class.
  • 4-5-2010 11;29;39 PM.JPG [ View Image ] [ Download Original ] This is the evaluation form for the teacher/groups to use as a self evaluation on their first effort at working together on the ice-breaker activity....I always like to look at their comments.